Railway truck



2 Sheets-Sheet l B. w. KADEL ET AL RAILWAY TRUCK Y Original Filed Dec.

June 19, 1934.

.Il T4 June 19, 1934. la.. w. KABEL ET AL RAILWAY TRUCK Original Filed Dec. 28. 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 laf/ST5 'ATTORNEY Patented .inne l, i934 REILWAY TRUCK Byers W. Kadel, Baltimore, Md., and Donald S. Barrows, Rochester, N. Y., asslgnors to The Symington Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Maryland Original application December 28, 1931, Serial No. 583,530. Divided and this application April 5,

1934, Serial No. 319,194

29 Claims.

This application is a division of our application, Serial No. 583,530, filed December 28, 193i, for Railway trucks. A

This invention relates to railway vehicles and.

more particularly, to the construction of the side frames, holsters and spring nests thereof, for supporting the bolsters from said frames.

The principal object of our invention, generally considered, is the improvement in trucks for railway rolling stock, and particularly the side frames, holsters and spring nests thereof, whereby the holsters are etilciently supported by the associated side frames.

.Another object of our invention is to provide a nest of bolster springs involving helical and elliptic springs, one or more of said springs being disposed above the remainder. whereby some of the springs may be housed in the bolster, and the remaining spring, or springs, in the side frame.

2 A further object of our invention is the provision of a nest of helical and leaf springs for supporting a bolster from an associated side frame, said springs being supported on said frame, with the helical springs disposed above the leaf springs.

Other objects and advantages of the invention relating to the particular arrangement and construction of the various parts will become apparent as the description proceeds.

Referring to the drawings illustrating our in- 50 vention, the scope whereof is defined by the appended claims:-

Figure 1 is a partial side elevation and partial longitudinal sectional view on the line 1-1 of Figure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows,

55 of a fragmentary portion of a railway truck, particularly showing a portion of a side frame thereof, with an associated load carrying member or bolster and nest of springs of different character in position.

o Figure 2 is a partial plan and partial horizontal sectional view on the line 2-2 of Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 3 is a partial side elevation and partial longitudinal sectional view corresponding to Figure 1. but showing a modification.

Figure 4 is a view corresponding to Figure 3, but showing another modiilcation.

Referring to the drawings in detail, like parts being designated by like reference characters, and

first considering the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, there is shown a portion of a railway vehicle or truck comprising side frames 1, only one of which is illustrated. each side frame having a compression member or portion 2, a tension member or portion 3, and spaced (Ci. MD5-197) connecting struts, bolster guide columns or portions 4 spacing intermediate portions of said compression and tension members, and leaving a. window or bolster opening 5 therebetween. The tension member 3 beneath the window opening is formed hollow to provide a pocket or compartment 6 which, in the present embodiment. receives leaf spring means, such as an elliptic spring or elliptic springs 7, extending longitudinally oi said frame. The lower web of the tension member dcslrably has a, reinforcing boss 31 preferably pockcted, as indicated at 32. to receive the lower bearing portion or band 33 of, and provide seats for, thespring means or springs 7 for properly positioning the same, slightly elevated above, or in spaced relation to, the bottom of the tension member or lower web thereof, thereby avoiding interference between the spring and tension member lower web, even when the former is flexed a normal amount. The spring means 7, which is disposed entirely within the confines of the tension portion, is desirably of such a size that the side walls 11 of the tension member beneath the window opening 5 lie closely adjacent the sides of the spring bands 33 and end clips or blocks 34 for 80 properly guiding the same and insuring that the springs stay in proper position and do not shift laterally to an undesired or substantial extent. The side walls 11 of the tension member beneath the window opening are desirably formed with openings 12 which allow for inspection of the springs.

Normally supported on the spring means 'I is an associated bolster 13. which load-carrying member or bolster preferably has means at each end integral therewith. such as a downwardly extending plug or force-transmitting member 14, the lower surface of which is desirably pocketed or formed with a recess, as indicated at 35. to receive the upper bearing portion of the spring means 'or upper band 33 thereof, interlock therewith and limit movement of said spring means 7 with respect to said bolster. The plug 14 is desirably received in an aperture 15 in the upper wall or web 16 of the pocketed portion of the 100 tension member 3. whereby the lower spring means '1 serves for directly supporting the bolster v13 thereabove, and the bolster serves to tie 'the side frames together. On account of the plug 14 being guided in the apertured upper wall 16, and/or the bolster guided between the columns 4, the limiting of movement of the spring means with respect to the bolster is also a limiting of movement of said spring means with respect to the side frame. It win thus be geen that, the

4shown most clearly in Figure 2.

portion ybeneath the window 5a.

elliptic spring is eflicientlyv retained in position, and prevented from undesired longitudinal shifting with respect toy the associated frame and bolster, by the intertting between the plug 14 at the top, the boss 31 at the bottom, and the corresponding spring bands 33.

To increase the capacity of the bolster springs, additional spring means 21 is desirably provided, which means, in the present embodiment, comprises two spring units or sets of helical springs, each set of which comprises an outer coil 36 and an inner coil 37, said coils desirably resting on spring plates 38 which, in turn, are supported on opposite sides of the vertical center line of the leaf spring means, onl the central spring supporting portion, yor upper wall 16 of that portion of the Atension member beneath the window opening 5,

from which the inclined tension members or portions of the member 3 extend. The upper ends or tops of said springs supportingly engage the lower surface of the upper wall 22 of the bolster 13. In order to properly receive or house the spring units 21, the bolster 13 desirably has at each end recesses or pockets 23 between which lies the web or intermediate wall 39 which desirably extends from the plug or force-transmitting element 14 to the top wall 22 of the bolster 13.

It will, therefore, be seen that, in the present embodiment, the spring units 21 are disposed directly above the spring means 7, and the axial plane of said spring units desirably corresponds with the vertical plane through the major axis of the -elliptic spring means 7. The outer ends of the bolster may be closed by end walls 26, as The bolster guide columns are provided with diagonally disposed main webs 40 provided at their ends with flanges 41 and 42, the outer flanges 41 extending toward one another, and, together with the webs 40, serving as guiding portions for the bolster, while the flanges 42 extend away from oneanother, as shown most clearly in Figure 2.

Referring now to the embodiment of our invention illustrated in Figure 3, there is shown a "zportion of a railway vehicle or truck comprising side frames 1a, only one of which is illustrated, each frame having a compression member or portion 28, a tension memberor portion 3a, and spaced connecting struts, bolster guide columns,

4or portions 4a spacing intermediate portions of :and 2, except that the resilient means or spring units 21a are shorter than the spring units 21 of the preceding embodiment, or there is initially a space between them and the upper web of the bolster 13, so that said bolster, or member 14B- Aextending through a' slot in the spring housing portion of the tension member 3a, is initially supported on the leaf or upper semi-elliptic spring or springs 7B, the ends of which are, in turn, supported on the spaced seats 34a in said housing The seats are, in turn, supportedby the lower semi-elliptic or leaf spring or springs 7a resting on the boss 31a formed on the lower web of the tension member 3a. Thev coil springs 36 and 37a are, therefore, not engaged until after a predetermined movement of the bolster or load-carrying member 13a.

Referring now to the embodiment of our invention illustrated in Figure 4, there is shown a portion of a railway vehicle or truck comprising side frames 1b, each having a compression member or portion 2b, a tension member or portion 3b, and spaced connecting struts 4b, leaving a window or bolster opening 5V therebetween. 'Ihe construction and arrangement is identical to that shown in Figures 1 and 2 and described in connection therewith, except that the bolster 13h is initially supported on the coil spring units 21h, with the bolster'extension 14b spaced from the supporting surface or surfaces of the upper semi-elliptic or leaf spring 7b which rests on spaced seats 34h, supported by the lower semielliptic or leaf spring 7b, which is in turn supported by the bottom web of the tension member 3b. Thus the leaf spring means 7b does not function until after a predetermined movement of the bolster or load-carrying member 13b, or until the plug or extension 14b of the bolster comes into engagement with the upper surface of the upper spring band 33h.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that we have provided a railway vehicle or truck involving side frames, only one of which is shown, each receiving an end of an associated bolster in window openings thereof, each end of the bolster being supported by leaf or elliptic ,and helical springs acting in parallel, said helical springs being disposed on opposite sides of the vertical center line of said leaf or elliptic springs. Although the present embodiment shows the elliptic spring means as comprising full ellipticv sible to use longer and more flexible leaf springs `than otherwise, it will be understood that we do not wish to be limited to the exact showing, as,

the mere omission of a part of the nest of springs would not affect the combination as defined in the appended claims. The bolster has a suitable pocket at each end for receiving springs bearing.V

directly upon the elevated upper web portion or shelf of the tension member beneath the window opening. The lower spring or springs are actuated by a plug depending from the bolster, and the actuation of the helical and elliptic springs may be simultaneous, but it may be desired to compress one or the other type of springv a predetermined amount before simultaneous actionl begins.

Although we have described a preferred ern--` bodiment of our invention, it will be understoodI that modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of the appended claims, the terms we have employed being used as those of descriptionand not of limitation.

We claimzy 1. In a car truck including a bolster and a pair of side frames, each having a shelf, spring means on said shelf for supporting the bolster, and leaf spring means below said shelf and extending lon-,;

gitudinally of the side frame, said bolster having means integral therewith and depending therefrom at each end thereof for engaging said side frames and tying the latter together, and said y leaf spring means having means cooperating.

with the means depending from the associated end of the bolster for supporting said bolster and `for limiting longitudinal movement of said spring means with respect to said frame.

2. In a car truck including a bolster and a pair of side frames, each having a shelf, spring means 1 .isc

Leaders means being located entirely within the confines of the side frame, extending longitudinally of the latter, and prevented from substantial lateral shifting by means carried by the frame, said bolster having means integral therewith and depending from opposite ends thereof and engaging the side frames for tying the latter together, and the leaf spring means cooperating with the means depending from the associated end of the bolster for supporting the bolster.

3. In a car truck including a bolster, a pair of side frames, each having a shelf and a tension portion extending below said shelf, spring means on said shelf for supporting the bolster, leaf spring means in said tension portion, said leaf spring means being located entirely within the confines of said tension portion, and having spaced relatively movable portions, means fixed with respect to said tension portion and disposed in supporting relation to one of said relatively movable portions, said means extending above the bottom of said tension portion, whereby said other portion is permitted substantially free vertical movement to a desired extent, said bolster having means integral therewith and depending from opposite ends thereof and engaging the side frames for tying the latter'together, and the leaf spring means cooperating with the means depending from the associated end of 'thefbolster for supporting the bolster.

4. In a car truck, a bolster, a pair of side frames, each having a shelf portion, said bolster having means projecting from opposite ends thereof and integral therewith and extending through openings in the respective side frame shelves for tying said side frames together, spring means above each shelf supporting said bolster, leaf spring means below said shelf and extending longitudinally of the side frame, said leaf spring means cooperating with the associated bolster projecting means for supporting said bolster, and means on said leaf spring' means cooperating with said bolster projecting means for limiting movement of said leaf spring means with respect to said bolster.

5. In a car truck, a bolster, a pair of side frames, each having a shelf portion and a tension portion therebelow, said bolster` having means projecting from opposite ends thereof and integral therewith and extending through openings in the respective side frame shelves for tying said side frames together, spring means above each shelf supporting said bolster, leaf. spring means in said tension portion and extending long '.udinally thereof, said leaf spring means co-= operating with the associated bolster projecting means for supporting said bolster, means supporting said leaf spring means in spaced rela:l tion to the bottom of said tension portion, and means on said leaf spring means cooperating with said bolster projecting means for limiting move ment of said leaf spring means with respect to,

said bolster.

6. In a car truck, a bolster, a pair of side frames, each having a shelf and a tension por tion below said shelf, leaf spring means extending longitudinally of the side frame and 'positioned within the side walls of said tension portion, and means on said bolster projecting from opposite ends thereof through the shelves of the respective side frames and integral with said bolster for tying said side frames together, 'said leaf spring means cooperating with the associated bolster projecting means for supporting said bolster and including an interlocking engagement for limiting relative movement therebetween.

7. In a car truck including a bolster and a side frame having a shelf, spring means on said shelf for supporting the bolster, leaf spring means below said shelf and extending longitudinally of the side frame, and means projecting from said bolster through said shelf, engaging said leaf spring means, supported thereby, and interlocked therewith, to limit longitudinal movement thereof.

8. In a car truck including a bolster and a side frame having a shelf rigid therewith, spring means on said shelf for supporting the bolster, and leaf spring means below said shelf for supporting the bolster, said leaf spring means being located entirely within the confines of the side frame, prevented from substantial lateral movement by sidewall portions thereof, and extending longitudinally of the latter.

9. In a car truck including `,a bolster, a side frame having a shelf and a tension portion extending below said shelf, spring meanson said' shelf for supporting the bolster, leaf spring means in said tension portion for supporting said bolster, said leaf spring means being located entirely wlthin the confines of said tension portion, portions of the side walls of which serve to prevent substantial lateral movement thereof, and means supporting said leaf spring means in an elevated position with respect to the bottom of said tension portion.

10. In a car truck, a bolster, a side frame having a shelf and a tension portion below said shelf. leaf spring means extending longitudinally of the side frame and positioned within, and guided between, the side walls of said tension portion, and means on said bolster projecting through said shelf for engagement with said leaf spring means.

11. In a car truck, the combination of a side frame having tension and compression members and spaced connecting struts disposed therebe- ,tween, a spring supported on said side frame, a load carrying member supported on said spring, and a spring of different character from said first named spring for supporting said load carrying member in parallel with said first named spring, said last named spring being a leaf spring and seated on said side frame below the support of said first named spring on said side frame, and disposed between and guided by the walls of the tension member below the intersection of said struts and tension member.

l2. In a car truck, a bolster, a side frame having a shelf portion, said bolster having means projecting therefrom through an opening in said shelf, spring means above said shelf supporting said bolster, leaf spring means below said shelf and extending longitudinally of the side frame for supporting said bolster vthrough said projecting means, and means on said leaf spring means co operating with said bolster projecting means for limiting movement of said leaf spring means with respect to said bolster.

i3. In a car truck, a bolster, a side frame having a shelf portion and a tension portion there= below, said bolster having means projecting therefrom through an opening in said shelf, spring means above said shelf supporting said bolster, leaf spring means in said tension portion and extending longitudinally thereof for supporting said bolster through said projecting means, means supporting said leaf spring means in spaced rela tion to the bottom of said tension portion, and means on said leaf spring means cooperating with said bolster projecting means for limiting movement of said leaf spring means with respect to 1 said bolster.

14. In a railway vehicle, in combination, a side frame formed with a bolster opening, a bolster received therein, and a nest of springs supporting said bolster from said frame, said nest comprising elliptic spring means, engaging a portion of the bolster intermediate the ends of said elliptic spring means, enclosed in a frame and guided by portions thereof, and helical spring means housed in the bolster.

15. In a railway vehicle, inl combination, a side frame formed with a bolster opening, a bolster with an end received in said opening, and a nest of springs supporting said bolster from said frame, said nest comprising an elliptic spring and helical springs disposed thereabove, all of said springs acting in parallel, and the elliptic spring interlocked with means extending from the bolster which serves to limit longitudinal movement thereof.

16. In a railway vehicle, in combination, a side frame formed with a bolster opening, a bolster with an end received therein, and a nest of springs supporting said bolster from said frame, said nest comprising elliptic spring means disposed. longitudinally of the frame and a set of helical springs disposed thereabove, all of said springs acting in parallel, and the bolster having a depending portion vinterlocked with the top portion of the elliptic spring means and serving to limit longitudinal movement thereof.

17. In a railway vehicle, a bolster, a side frame having a shelf and a tension portion below said shelf, said bolster having means projecting through said shelf, leaf spring means in said tension portion cooperating with said projecting means for supporting the bolster, and means on said leaf spring means extending into a recess in said projecting means for limiting movement of said leaf spring means with respect to the bolster.

18. In a railway vehicle, in combination, a side frame formed with compression and tension members spaced at intermediate portions by guide co1- umns leaving a bolster opening therebetween, the portion of the tension member beneath the bolster opening being hollow, leaf spring means enclosed and guided in said hollow portion beneath the bolster opening, spring means of a different type seated on said tension member above said enclosed spring means and acting in substantially the same direction, and a bolster supported by both of said spring means.

19. In a railway vehicle, spaced side frames having bolster openings therein and atransverse bolster having its ends guided in said openings, each of said side frames having a central spring supporting portion, tension members extending from said spring supporting portion, and columns with bolster guiding surfaces rising upwardly from said spring supporting portion and tension members, said tension members and bolster columns each having spaced side walls integral with the other, semi-elliptic springs extending longitudinally of said side frames beyond said guiding surfaces, housed between walls of said tension members, and having their ends supported at a distance from said spring supporting portion by means interposed between the semi-elliptic springs and tension member, said semi-elliptic springs being inload supporting engagement with said bolster, and coil springs supported by Y said central spring supporting portion on opposite sides ofn the vertical center line of said semisaid seat portion,

elliptic springs, said coil springs being disposed to engage said bolster.

20. In a railway vehicle, spaced side frames having bolster openings therein and a transverse bolster having its ends guidedin-said openings, each of said sideframes having a central. spring supporting portion, inclined tension members extending from said spring supporting portion, and columns with bolster guiding surfaces rising upwardly from said spring supporting portion andv tension members, said tension members and bolster columns each having spaced side walls integral with the other, each of said tension members having means providing spring seats, semielliptic springs extending longitudinally of said side side frames intermediate the side Walls of said bolsterv columns and tension members, to beyond said guiding surfaces, and supported by said seats, and coil springs supported by said central spring supporting portion on opposite sides 'of the vertical center line of said semi-elliptic springs, all of said springs being disposed to support said bolster.

21. In a railway vehicle, the combination of tension and compression members, spaced integral connecting columns forming a window with said tension and compression members, said tension member having a spring 'housing disposed below said window, said housing having means providing seats therein disposed beneath said columns and apertured for communication withv said window, leaf spring means on said seats, and a load carrying member supported on coil springs in said window and vprovided with means extending through the apertured portion and in engagement with said leaf spring means.

22. In a railway vehicle, the combination of tension and compression members, .spac'ed inte- VVgral connecting columns forming a window with von coil springs in said window' and-provided with a member extending through said aperture and in engagement with said semi-elliptic leaf spring.

23. In a railway vehicle, in combination, a side 1 frame having tension and compression members and spaced struts integrally connecting said tension and compression members and forming a window therewith, -the tension member between said struts having. a seat portion, a hous- 1 ing provided on said tension member below and having a lower web spaced from said seat portion, a load carrying member extending into said window, coil springs interposed between said seat portion and said 1 load carrying member, a spring seat in said housing having a spring engaging portion spaced from said lower web; a longitudinally extending leaf spring, longer than the distance between said struts, engaging said spring engaging portion, 1 and means interposed between said leaf spring and load carrying member, whereby saidload carrying member is resiliently supported on said side frame by said coil and leaf springs.

.24. In a railway vehicle, in combination, a side 1 frame having tension and compression members and spaced struts integrally connecting said tension and compression members and forming a. window therewith, the tension member between Y said struts having a seat portion, coil springs supported thereon, a housing provided on said tension member below said seat portion and having a lower web spaced from said seat portion, a load `carrying member extending into said window and supported by said coil springs, seats spaced a greater distance apart than the width of said window and supported in said housing above said lower web, a semi-elliptic leaf spring having its ends supported on said spaced seats, and means interposed between said leaf spring and load carrying member, whereby said load carrying member is resiliently supported on said side frame by said coil and leaf springs.

25. In a railway vehicle, a side frame having tension and compression members, spaced integral columns connecting and forming a window with said tension and compression members, said tension member having a spring housing portion disposed below said window, said housing portion having an aperture communicating with said window and enclosing means providing seats disposed longitudinally of said frame and spaced apart a distance substantially greater than the width of the window, a semi-elliptic leaf spring with its ends supported onl said seats, -a load carrying member provided with a portion extending through Asaid aperture and into supporting engagement with said semi-elliptic leaf spring, and coil springs in said window and additionally. supporting said load carrying member.

26. In a railway vehicle, the combination of a side frame having tension and compression members, spaced struts integrally connecting said tension and compression members and forming a window, said tension member forming a spring housing enclosing seats disposed longitudinally of the frame and spaced apart a distance greater than that between the inner surfaces of said struts, said tension member carrying seats inter- -mediate andcabove said spaced seats, and a load carrying member supported on said side frame by a leafl spring supported on said spaced seats and coil springs supported on said intermediate seats.

' 27. In a car truck, the combination of tension and compressionmembers, spaced integral con= necting columns forming a window with said tension and compression members, said tension member having a spring housing disposed below said window, said housing having spaced seats therein and being slotted for communication with said window, spring means comprising a leaf spring on said seats, a load-carrying member supported on coil springs in said window and provided with a member extending through the slot and being arranged to engage said spring meansl only after a predetermined movement of said load-carrying member.. l

28. In a car truck, the combination of tension and compression members, spaced integral connecting columns forming a window with said tension and compression members, said tension member having a spring housing disposed below said window, said housing having spaced seats therein and being slotted for communication with said window, spring means comprising a semi-elliptic leaf spring on said seats, a load` carrying member supported on coily springs in said window and provided with a member extending through the slot and being arranged to engage said spring means only after a predetermined movement of said load-carrying member. 29. In a car truck, the combination of tension and compression members, spaced integral connecting columns forming a window with said tension and compression members, said tension. member having a spring housing disposed below said window, said housing having spaced-seats therein and being slotted for communication with 110 said window, a semi-elliptic leaf spring on said seats, a load-carrying member extending into said window and having a member extending BYERs W. KABEL. vmm: s. BARRows.

. E LH M R 1,963,914.-Byers W. Kadel, Baltimore, Md., and Donald S. Barrows, Rochester N. RAILWAY TRUCK. Patent dated June 19, 1934. Disclaimer led December 21, 1935, by the assignee, The Symingtoa Uompa'ny. Hereb enters this disclaimer to that part of the claims in said specification which 1s in the fo owing words, to wit;

, 5. In a car truck, a bolster, a palr of side `frames, each having a shelf portion and a i tension portion therebelow, said bolster -having means projecting from opposite ends thereof and integral. herewith and extending through openings in the respective portion, and having a lower web spaced fr side frame shelves for tying said side framesv together, 'spring means above each'shelf supporting said bolster, leaf spring means in said .tension portion and extending longil tudinally thereof, said leaf spring means cooperating with the associated bolster projecting means for supporting said bolster, means supporting said leaf spring means 1n spaced relation to the bottom of said tension portion, and means on said leai spring means cooperating with said bolster projecting means for limiting movement of said leaf spring means with respect to said bolster.

19. In a railway vehicle, spaced side frames having bolster openings therein and a transverse bolster having its ends guided in said openings, each of s/aid side frames having a central spring supporting portion, tension members extending from said spring supporting portion, and bolumns with bolster guiding surfaces rising upwardly from said spring supporting portion and tension members, said tension members and bolster columns each having spaced side Walls integral with the other, semi-elliptic springs extending longitudinally of said side frames beyond said guiding surfaces, housed between walls of said tension members, and having their ends supported at a distance from said spring supporting portion by means interposed between the semielliptic springs and tension member, said semi-elliptic springs being in load supporting engagement with said bolster, and' coil springs supported by said central slplring supportin portion on opposite sides of the vertical center line oi said semi- 'ptic springs, said coil springs being disposed to engage said bolster.

"23. Ina railway vehicle, in combination, a side frame having tension and compression members and spaced struts integrally connecting said tension and compression members and forming a window therewith, the tension member between said struts having a seat portion,A a housing provided on said tension member below said seat om said seat portion, a load carrying member extending into said window, co'il springs interposed between said seat portion and said load carrying member, a spring seatm said housing having a spring engaging portion spaced from said lower web, a longitudinally extending leaf spring, longer than the distance between said struts, engaging said spring engaging ortion, and means interposed between said leai spring and load carrying member, w ereby said load carrying member isresiliently supported on said side frame by said coil and leaf springs.

' 24. in a railway vehicle, in combination, a side frame having tension and compression members and spaced struts integrally connecting said tension and compression members and "forming a window therewith, the tension member between said struts having a seat portion, coil springs supported thereon, 'a housing provided on said tension member below said seat portion and having-a lower web spaced from said seat portion, a load'carrying member extending into said window and supported by said coil springs, seats spaced a greater distance apart than the width of said window and supported in said housing above said lower web, a semi-elliptic leaf spring having its ends supported on said spaced seats, and means interposed between said leaf spring and load cag member, whereby said load carrying member is resiiiently supported on said t irame by said coil and ieai springs. ,l

[Ocz'ai Gazette January 14, 1936.] 

